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Until 11th century

Abu Bakr ibn Umar

Southern Sahara, Morocco, and western Sudan

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An Almoravid military commander and emir who led campaigns across the Sahara and southern Morocco. He reconquered Sijilmasa, helped defeat Barghawata, established Marrakesh, pacified the Sahara, and directed the southern Almoravid conquest of Ghana and part of the western Sudan.

Territory · Character

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Ask Uriti

  • Who was Abu Bakr ibn Umar and what was their influence?
  • What role does Abu Bakr ibn Umar play in the Southern Sahara region?
  • What is the link between Abu Bakr ibn Umar and Almoravid Empire?
  • About Abu Bakr ibn Umar: can you clarify “Reclaimed Sijilmasa for the Almoravids”?

The Story

Military leadership in the Sahara and Morocco

Abu Bakr ibn Umar succeeded his brother Yahya ibn Umar as emir and supreme military commander after Yahya was defeated and killed during the Juddala revolt. He reconquered Sijilmasa from the Zanata and continued the Almoravid campaign in southern Morocco. Between 1056 and 1059, the movement dispossessed the Zanata across the region from Dara and Sus to Tadla.

In 1059, Ibn Yasin was killed fighting the Barghawata Berbers, but Abu Bakr continued the war until their state and religious system were defeated. After the main objectives in southern Morocco had been achieved, Abu Bakr remained strongly attached to the desert. His authority was repeatedly shaped by the need to preserve unity among the Sanhaja groups and maintain the Sahara as the movement's source of reinforcement.

The southern conquest

Abu Bakr initiated the establishment of Marrakesh in 1070 but returned to the desert after learning of disputes between the Lamtuna and Massufa. He appointed Yusuf ibn Tashfin as his deputy in Morocco and later conceded authority in the Maghrib to him, explaining that he could not live outside the desert. Abu Bakr then returned to the Sahara after pacifying it and may have led raids toward the Sudan.

In 1076, Abu Bakr led the southern wing of the Almoravids in the conquest of Ghana and part of the western Sudan. These conquests were subsequently regarded as components of the Almoravid empire, even though political domination over parts of the Sudan lasted only a few decades. His campaigns helped establish enduring political and commercial relations between the Maghrib and western Sudan.

Key Points

  • Reclaimed Sijilmasa for the Almoravids
  • Defeated Barghawata power
  • Established Marrakesh in 1070
  • Pacified the Sahara
  • Conquered Ghana in 1076

Trust

high

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3: From c.1050 to c.1600

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

ResourcesMap
CharacterTrust high

Until 11th century

Abu Bakr ibn Umar

Southern Sahara, Morocco, and western Sudan

Listen
Compare
View in the constellation

An Almoravid military commander and emir who led campaigns across the Sahara and southern Morocco. He reconquered Sijilmasa, helped defeat Barghawata, established Marrakesh, pacified the Sahara, and directed the southern Almoravid conquest of Ghana and part of the western Sudan.

Territory · Character

Continue exploring

Ask Uriti

  • Who was Abu Bakr ibn Umar and what was their influence?
  • What role does Abu Bakr ibn Umar play in the Southern Sahara region?
  • What is the link between Abu Bakr ibn Umar and Almoravid Empire?
  • About Abu Bakr ibn Umar: can you clarify “Reclaimed Sijilmasa for the Almoravids”?

The Story

Military leadership in the Sahara and Morocco

Abu Bakr ibn Umar succeeded his brother Yahya ibn Umar as emir and supreme military commander after Yahya was defeated and killed during the Juddala revolt. He reconquered Sijilmasa from the Zanata and continued the Almoravid campaign in southern Morocco. Between 1056 and 1059, the movement dispossessed the Zanata across the region from Dara and Sus to Tadla.

In 1059, Ibn Yasin was killed fighting the Barghawata Berbers, but Abu Bakr continued the war until their state and religious system were defeated. After the main objectives in southern Morocco had been achieved, Abu Bakr remained strongly attached to the desert. His authority was repeatedly shaped by the need to preserve unity among the Sanhaja groups and maintain the Sahara as the movement's source of reinforcement.

The southern conquest

Abu Bakr initiated the establishment of Marrakesh in 1070 but returned to the desert after learning of disputes between the Lamtuna and Massufa. He appointed Yusuf ibn Tashfin as his deputy in Morocco and later conceded authority in the Maghrib to him, explaining that he could not live outside the desert. Abu Bakr then returned to the Sahara after pacifying it and may have led raids toward the Sudan.

In 1076, Abu Bakr led the southern wing of the Almoravids in the conquest of Ghana and part of the western Sudan. These conquests were subsequently regarded as components of the Almoravid empire, even though political domination over parts of the Sudan lasted only a few decades. His campaigns helped establish enduring political and commercial relations between the Maghrib and western Sudan.

Key Points

  • Reclaimed Sijilmasa for the Almoravids
  • Defeated Barghawata power
  • Established Marrakesh in 1070
  • Pacified the Sahara
  • Conquered Ghana in 1076

Trust

high

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3: From c.1050 to c.1600

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

Continue the journey

Related Paths

Other paths related to this story.

  • Ghana EmpireEmpire·3rd century — 12th century
  • Yusuf ibn TashfinCharacter·1st century BCE — 12th century