16th century – 16th century
Songhay and Kala
Askia Ishaq II was identified as the last independent ruler of Songhay. In 1590/1 he led an expedition against Kala while a Moroccan force under Judar Pasha was approaching the Western Sudan. His campaign occurred on the eve of the Moroccan conquest that defeated Songhay’s army and captured its principal towns.
Continue exploring
The Story
Askia Ishaq II is presented as the last independent ruler of Songhay. His activity belongs to the final phase of the empire’s political independence, when provincial chiefdoms remained difficult to integrate and Moroccan forces were advancing toward the Western Sudan.
In 1590/1 Ishaq II led an expedition against Kala. The campaign took place while the Moroccan force commanded by Judar Pasha was already close to the Sudan. The coincidence of Ishaq’s frontier expedition and the Moroccan advance placed Songhay under severe strategic pressure.
The Moroccan intervention soon brought the collapse of Songhay’s central authority. Moroccan musketeers defeated the army and captured Gao, Timbuktu, and Jenné, ending the imperial order in which Ishaq II had been the last independent ruler.
16th century – 16th century
Songhay and Kala
Askia Ishaq II was identified as the last independent ruler of Songhay. In 1590/1 he led an expedition against Kala while a Moroccan force under Judar Pasha was approaching the Western Sudan. His campaign occurred on the eve of the Moroccan conquest that defeated Songhay’s army and captured its principal towns.
Continue exploring
The Story
Askia Ishaq II is presented as the last independent ruler of Songhay. His activity belongs to the final phase of the empire’s political independence, when provincial chiefdoms remained difficult to integrate and Moroccan forces were advancing toward the Western Sudan.
Continue the journey
Other paths related to this story.