Until 12th century
Fezzan, southwestern Libya
The population of medieval Fezzan comprised several groups collectively associated with the Fezzan or Fazzana. These included the Adj ar Fezzan, described as a Berber people counted among the Zanata tribes, and the Banu Kaldin or Kildin, who inhabited Tamzawa alongside the Fazzana. The passage also links the Kaldin or Kildin to the Hawwara through Ibn Khaldun’s account.
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The Story
Medieval Fezzan was inhabited by multiple ethnic groups forming a people known collectively as the Fezzan. The passage also records the form Fazzana, showing that the name circulated in variant forms across the sources. This collective designation did not erase internal distinctions among the communities living in the region’s cities and fortified settlements.
Ibn Hawkal mentioned a Berber people called the Adj ar Fezzan and counted them among the Zanata tribes. The first element of their name appears connected with the modern area of Agar or Aggar in Fezzan, located a short distance from Tassawa. This geographical association remains tentative in the passage and does not establish a complete territorial distribution.
Al-Bakri also mentioned the Banu Kaldin, or Kildin, who inhabited Tamzawa together with the Fazzana. Ibn Khaldun associated a group called Kadin or Kildin with the Hawwara, suggesting a possible relationship between these named communities. The wording remains cautious, and the passage does not present the relationship as certain.
Until 12th century
Fezzan, southwestern Libya
The population of medieval Fezzan comprised several groups collectively associated with the Fezzan or Fazzana. These included the Adj ar Fezzan, described as a Berber people counted among the Zanata tribes, and the Banu Kaldin or Kildin, who inhabited Tamzawa alongside the Fazzana. The passage also links the Kaldin or Kildin to the Hawwara through Ibn Khaldun’s account.
Continue exploring
The Story
Medieval Fezzan was inhabited by multiple ethnic groups forming a people known collectively as the Fezzan. The passage also records the form Fazzana, showing that the name circulated in variant forms across the sources. This collective designation did not erase internal distinctions among the communities living in the region’s cities and fortified settlements.
Ibn Hawkal mentioned a Berber people called the Adj ar Fezzan and counted them among the Zanata tribes. The first element of their name appears connected with the modern area of Agar or Aggar in Fezzan, located a short distance from Tassawa. This geographical association remains tentative in the passage and does not establish a complete territorial distribution.
Al-Bakri also mentioned the Banu Kaldin, or Kildin, who inhabited Tamzawa together with the Fazzana. Ibn Khaldun associated a group called Kadin or Kildin with the Hawwara, suggesting a possible relationship between these named communities. The wording remains cautious, and the passage does not present the relationship as certain.
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