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100th century BCE

Hargeisan

Northern Somali plateau and Gulf of Aden rift

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Hargeisan was a Later Stone Age mode 4 archaeological industry distributed mainly across the northern Somali plateau and the rift of the Gulf of Aden on the Red Sea coast. Its assemblages included backed blades, burins, end-scrapers, small unifacial points, and occasional convex-based arrowheads. The industry is presented as the earliest Later Stone Age industry identified in the Ethiopian and Horn of Africa region, although its chronology remains uncertain because absolute dates are scarce.

Territory · Civilization

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Ask Uriti

  • What defines the Hargeisan civilisation?
  • What do we know about Hargeisan from 10 000 av. J.-C. onward?
  • What is the link between Hargeisan and Wilton?
  • About Hargeisan: can you clarify “Mode 4 Later Stone Age industry”?

The Story

Distribution and archaeological character

Hargeisan is identified as the earliest Later Stone Age industry currently recognized in the Ethiopian plateau and Horn of Africa region discussed here. Its distribution is centered on the northern Somali plateau and extends toward the rift of the Gulf of Aden on the Red Sea coast. The archaeological sequence remains poorly known, and most chronological estimates in the region are tentative.

The industry is classified as mode 4 and is characterized by backed blades, burins, and end-scrapers. It also includes small unifacial points that recall forms from the final phases of the local Middle Stone Age, together with occasional convex-based arrowheads. These traits provided the basis for comparing Hargeisan with early phases of the Kenya Capsian and with industries from the Ethiopian plateau.

Hargeisan was followed by an industry described as Wilton, best known from Mandera in northern Somalia. The Mandera assemblage was dominated by crescents, short end-scrapers, and small convex scrapers, with occasional burins and undecorated pottery sherds. The relationship between these regional variants and their absolute dates remains virtually unknown.

Warning

The chronological position of Hargeisan is proposed within a poorly dated regional sequence; the extract supplies no secure absolute date for the industry itself.

Key Points

  • Mode 4 Later Stone Age industry
  • Centered on northern Somali plateau
  • Included backed blades and burins
  • Followed by a regional Wilton industry
  • Absolute dating remains unavailable

Trust

average

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

ResourcesMap
CivilizationTrust average

100th century BCE

Hargeisan

Northern Somali plateau and Gulf of Aden rift

Listen
Compare
View in the constellation

Hargeisan was a Later Stone Age mode 4 archaeological industry distributed mainly across the northern Somali plateau and the rift of the Gulf of Aden on the Red Sea coast. Its assemblages included backed blades, burins, end-scrapers, small unifacial points, and occasional convex-based arrowheads. The industry is presented as the earliest Later Stone Age industry identified in the Ethiopian and Horn of Africa region, although its chronology remains uncertain because absolute dates are scarce.

Territory · Civilization

Continue exploring

Ask Uriti

  • What defines the Hargeisan civilisation?
  • What do we know about Hargeisan from 10 000 av. J.-C. onward?
  • What is the link between Hargeisan and Wilton?
  • About Hargeisan: can you clarify “Mode 4 Later Stone Age industry”?

The Story

Distribution and archaeological character

Hargeisan is identified as the earliest Later Stone Age industry currently recognized in the Ethiopian plateau and Horn of Africa region discussed here. Its distribution is centered on the northern Somali plateau and extends toward the rift of the Gulf of Aden on the Red Sea coast. The archaeological sequence remains poorly known, and most chronological estimates in the region are tentative.

The industry is classified as mode 4 and is characterized by backed blades, burins, and end-scrapers. It also includes small unifacial points that recall forms from the final phases of the local Middle Stone Age, together with occasional convex-based arrowheads. These traits provided the basis for comparing Hargeisan with early phases of the Kenya Capsian and with industries from the Ethiopian plateau.

Hargeisan was followed by an industry described as Wilton, best known from Mandera in northern Somalia. The Mandera assemblage was dominated by crescents, short end-scrapers, and small convex scrapers, with occasional burins and undecorated pottery sherds. The relationship between these regional variants and their absolute dates remains virtually unknown.

Warning

The chronological position of Hargeisan is proposed within a poorly dated regional sequence; the extract supplies no secure absolute date for the industry itself.

Key Points

  • Mode 4 Later Stone Age industry
  • Centered on northern Somali plateau
  • Included backed blades and burins
  • Followed by a regional Wilton industry
  • Absolute dating remains unavailable

Trust

average

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

Continue the journey

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