Kalambo Falls, in north-eastern Zambia, contains one of the most important Early Stone Age sequences described in the extract. Deposits discovered by J. D. Clark in 1954 contain abundant Acheulian artifacts at their base, followed by successively younger Sangoan, Lupemban, Later Stone Age and early Iron Age assemblages. Each distinctive stratified set was given a formal industrial name, creating a local chronological framework.

The site is especially significant because its lower levels were waterlogged. They preserve wood specimens, plant remains and pollen more extensively than is usual in African Acheulian contexts. The wood consists mainly of river-washed logs and branches, but some pieces appear to have been shaped into clubs and digging implements. Charred logs, a patch of ash and fire-reddened ground indicate burning, while a rough arc of stone may represent the footing of a simple branch shelter.

The Acheulian levels contain large cutting tools such as hand-axes, cleavers and knives, heavy-duty tools including picks, choppers and core-scrapers, and smaller implements such as scrapers and awls. Their composition overlaps with assemblages from Isimila and, less closely, Olorgesailie, although the tools at Kalambo Falls appear better made and more refined. The extract cautions that refinement should not automatically be equated with younger age.

The Acheulian deposits are followed by material of Sangoan aspect, marked especially by a higher proportion of small scrapers and more numerous, distinct core-axes. Radiocarbon results once placed the transition between 60,000 and 45,000 years ago, but the samples are nearly devoid of radioactivity and are safer as minimum ages. Amino-acid racemization on fossil wood suggested that the transition may be considerably older.