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100th century BCE

Koobi Fora Formation

East Rudolf, northern Kenya

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The Koobi Fora Formation is a fossil-bearing geological sequence in the East Rudolf region of northern Kenya. It contains robust Australopithecine and large-brained Homo fossils, as well as archaeological occurrences associated with early hominid activity. The chronology of its lower member is linked to the KBS tuff, whose age was revised in the extract from approximately 2.6 million years to a possible 1.6–1.8 million years, affecting interpretations of the associated fossils and artefacts.

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Ask Uriti

  • What place did Koobi Fora Formation hold in its time?
  • What role does Koobi Fora Formation play in the East Rudolf region?
  • What is the link between Koobi Fora Formation and KNM-ER 1813?
  • About Koobi Fora Formation: can you clarify “Located in northern Kenya”?

The Story

Fossils and archaeological layers

The East Rudolf sequence of the Koobi Fora Formation contains a rich record of early hominids. Robust Australopithecine fossils occur alongside large-brained Homo, including crania identified by the catalogue numbers KNM-ER 1470 and KNM-ER 1590. Another specimen, KNM-ER 1813, represents a more gracile and small-brained hominid that has been assigned variously to Australopithecus africanus and Homo habilis.

The formation also preserves evidence of early tool-making. The extract associates a hippopotamus carcass at Koobi Fora with the same basic Oldowan toolkit found at Olduvai, in circumstances interpreted as suggesting the use of implements for dismembering the animal. This evidence contributes to broader reconstructions of meat processing and hominid subsistence in East Africa.

Chronological interpretation depends heavily on the KBS tuff, which seals the Lower Member where the fossils first occur. It was originally assigned an age of approximately 2.6 million years, but later potassium-argon results suggested a younger age of 1.6–1.8 million years. The associated fauna appeared to favour the later date, making the chronology of the fossils and archaeological occurrences a central interpretive issue.

Warning

The KBS tuff chronology is explicitly disputed in the extract and should not be treated as settled.

Key Points

  • Located in northern Kenya
  • Contains Australopithecine and Homo fossils
  • Preserves Oldowan-associated evidence
  • KBS tuff dating is disputed

Trust

average

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

ResourcesMap
CityTrust average

100th century BCE

Koobi Fora Formation

East Rudolf, northern Kenya

Listen
Compare
View in the constellation

The Koobi Fora Formation is a fossil-bearing geological sequence in the East Rudolf region of northern Kenya. It contains robust Australopithecine and large-brained Homo fossils, as well as archaeological occurrences associated with early hominid activity. The chronology of its lower member is linked to the KBS tuff, whose age was revised in the extract from approximately 2.6 million years to a possible 1.6–1.8 million years, affecting interpretations of the associated fossils and artefacts.

Territory · City

Continue exploring

Ask Uriti

  • What place did Koobi Fora Formation hold in its time?
  • What role does Koobi Fora Formation play in the East Rudolf region?
  • What is the link between Koobi Fora Formation and KNM-ER 1813?
  • About Koobi Fora Formation: can you clarify “Located in northern Kenya”?

The Story

Fossils and archaeological layers

The East Rudolf sequence of the Koobi Fora Formation contains a rich record of early hominids. Robust Australopithecine fossils occur alongside large-brained Homo, including crania identified by the catalogue numbers KNM-ER 1470 and KNM-ER 1590. Another specimen, KNM-ER 1813, represents a more gracile and small-brained hominid that has been assigned variously to Australopithecus africanus and Homo habilis.

The formation also preserves evidence of early tool-making. The extract associates a hippopotamus carcass at Koobi Fora with the same basic Oldowan toolkit found at Olduvai, in circumstances interpreted as suggesting the use of implements for dismembering the animal. This evidence contributes to broader reconstructions of meat processing and hominid subsistence in East Africa.

Chronological interpretation depends heavily on the KBS tuff, which seals the Lower Member where the fossils first occur. It was originally assigned an age of approximately 2.6 million years, but later potassium-argon results suggested a younger age of 1.6–1.8 million years. The associated fauna appeared to favour the later date, making the chronology of the fossils and archaeological occurrences a central interpretive issue.

Warning

The KBS tuff chronology is explicitly disputed in the extract and should not be treated as settled.

Key Points

  • Located in northern Kenya
  • Contains Australopithecine and Homo fossils
  • Preserves Oldowan-associated evidence
  • KBS tuff dating is disputed

Trust

average

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

Continue the journey

Related Paths

Other paths related to this story.

  • Oldowan Industrial ComplexCivilization·100th century BCE — 100th century BCE