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50th century BCE – 30th century BCE

Makwe Industry

Eastern Zambia

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The Makwe Industry was a Later Stone Age microlithic tradition east of the Luangwa Valley. It was established by about 5000 BC and developed over the following two millennia, with crescents and geometric microliths increasingly replacing backed flakes and bladelets. Ground axes and bone points were common, while beads shifted from tubular bone forms to disc beads of bone and shell.

Territory · Civilization

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Ask Uriti

  • What defines the Makwe Industry civilisation?
  • What happened for Makwe Industry between 5 000 av. J.-C. and 3 000 av. J.-C.?
  • What is the link between Makwe Industry and microlithic industry?
  • About Makwe Industry: can you clarify “Established by about 5000 BC”?

The Story

East of the Luangwa Valley, Later Stone Age developments followed a course parallel to the Nachikufan sequence but with their own regional expression. By about 5000 BC, the Makwe Industry was firmly established and microlithic tools greatly outnumbered scrapers.

During the next two millennia, backed flakes and bladelets gradually gave way to crescents and geometric microliths. Deep triangular forms enjoyed a short-lived prominence, illustrating the distinctive regional variation that characterized the later East Zambian sequence.

Ground axes were frequent, whereas bored stones inherited from earlier Nachikufan I contexts disappeared except in the earliest Makwe phase. Bone points occurred in several forms, and ornament traditions changed from tubular bone beads to disc beads made first of bone and later of shell, alongside shell pendants.

Key Points

  • Established by about 5000 BC
  • Crescents replaced backed forms
  • Ground axes were frequent
  • Bone and shell ornaments diversified

Trust

high

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

ResourcesMap
CivilizationTrust high

50th century BCE – 30th century BCE

Makwe Industry

Eastern Zambia

Listen
Compare
View in the constellation

The Makwe Industry was a Later Stone Age microlithic tradition east of the Luangwa Valley. It was established by about 5000 BC and developed over the following two millennia, with crescents and geometric microliths increasingly replacing backed flakes and bladelets. Ground axes and bone points were common, while beads shifted from tubular bone forms to disc beads of bone and shell.

Territory · Civilization

Continue exploring

Ask Uriti

  • What defines the Makwe Industry civilisation?
  • What happened for Makwe Industry between 5 000 av. J.-C. and 3 000 av. J.-C.?
  • What is the link between Makwe Industry and microlithic industry?
  • About Makwe Industry: can you clarify “Established by about 5000 BC”?

The Story

East of the Luangwa Valley, Later Stone Age developments followed a course parallel to the Nachikufan sequence but with their own regional expression. By about 5000 BC, the Makwe Industry was firmly established and microlithic tools greatly outnumbered scrapers.

During the next two millennia, backed flakes and bladelets gradually gave way to crescents and geometric microliths. Deep triangular forms enjoyed a short-lived prominence, illustrating the distinctive regional variation that characterized the later East Zambian sequence.

Ground axes were frequent, whereas bored stones inherited from earlier Nachikufan I contexts disappeared except in the earliest Makwe phase. Bone points occurred in several forms, and ornament traditions changed from tubular bone beads to disc beads made first of bone and later of shell, alongside shell pendants.

Key Points

  • Established by about 5000 BC
  • Crescents replaced backed forms
  • Ground axes were frequent
  • Bone and shell ornaments diversified

Trust

high

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

Continue the journey

Related Paths

Other paths related to this story.

  • Nachikufan I IndustryCivilization·100th century BCE — 90th century BCE