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65th century BCE – 10th century BCE

Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic (Mellalian)

Northern Sahara, Algeria

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The Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic, more recently called Mellalian, is represented by bladelet industries found around the chotts of northern Algeria, including Hassi Mouillah and El-Hadjar. Present by at least 6500 BC, these communities used backed bladelets, grinding stones, and worked ostrich eggshell, and may have fished seasonally. The tradition persisted into the fifth or fourth millennium BC, with hunting and gathering continuing in some northern Saharan zones as late as 1000 BC.

Territory · Civilization

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Ask Uriti

  • What defines the Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic civilisation?
  • What role does Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic play in the Northern Sahara region?
  • What is the link between Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic and Hassi Mouillah?
  • About Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic: can you clarify “Present by at least 6500 BC”?

The Story

Bladelets beside shrinking lakes

In the northern Sahara of Algeria, sites around the chotts preserve a bladelet-based tradition often called the Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic or Mellalian. Hassi Mouillah and El-Hadjar are among the named locations. The assemblages were present by at least 6500 BC, when the climate was sub-arid or arid and the lakes were undergoing increasing desiccation.

The toolkits contain many backed bladelets, few or no geometric microliths, grinding stones, and worked pieces of ostrich eggshell. The economic foundations of these communities are poorly understood, although some may have included seasonal fishing. The archaeological remains therefore point to flexible exploitation of shrinking wetland environments rather than to a securely reconstructed subsistence system.

Related bladelet industries appear to have persisted until the fifth or fourth millennium BC, when pottery and bifacially flaked points entered the assemblages under somewhat more favourable, temporarily moister conditions. Even then, the economy remained essentially based on hunting and gathering, and the excerpt allows that this way of life continued in parts of the northern Sahara as late as 1000 BC.

Key Points

  • Present by at least 6500 BC
  • Centered on northern Saharan chotts
  • Backed bladelets dominate toolkits
  • Hunting and gathering persisted late

Trust

average

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

ResourcesMap
CivilizationTrust average

65th century BCE – 10th century BCE

Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic (Mellalian)

Northern Sahara, Algeria

Listen
Compare
View in the constellation

The Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic, more recently called Mellalian, is represented by bladelet industries found around the chotts of northern Algeria, including Hassi Mouillah and El-Hadjar. Present by at least 6500 BC, these communities used backed bladelets, grinding stones, and worked ostrich eggshell, and may have fished seasonally. The tradition persisted into the fifth or fourth millennium BC, with hunting and gathering continuing in some northern Saharan zones as late as 1000 BC.

Territory · Civilization

Continue exploring

Ask Uriti

  • What defines the Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic civilisation?
  • What role does Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic play in the Northern Sahara region?
  • What is the link between Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic and Hassi Mouillah?
  • About Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic: can you clarify “Present by at least 6500 BC”?

The Story

Bladelets beside shrinking lakes

In the northern Sahara of Algeria, sites around the chotts preserve a bladelet-based tradition often called the Saharan Epi-Palaeolithic or Mellalian. Hassi Mouillah and El-Hadjar are among the named locations. The assemblages were present by at least 6500 BC, when the climate was sub-arid or arid and the lakes were undergoing increasing desiccation.

The toolkits contain many backed bladelets, few or no geometric microliths, grinding stones, and worked pieces of ostrich eggshell. The economic foundations of these communities are poorly understood, although some may have included seasonal fishing. The archaeological remains therefore point to flexible exploitation of shrinking wetland environments rather than to a securely reconstructed subsistence system.

Related bladelet industries appear to have persisted until the fifth or fourth millennium BC, when pottery and bifacially flaked points entered the assemblages under somewhat more favourable, temporarily moister conditions. Even then, the economy remained essentially based on hunting and gathering, and the excerpt allows that this way of life continued in parts of the northern Sahara as late as 1000 BC.

Key Points

  • Present by at least 6500 BC
  • Centered on northern Saharan chotts
  • Backed bladelets dominate toolkits
  • Hunting and gathering persisted late

Trust

average

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

Continue the journey

Related Paths

Other paths related to this story.

  • Maghribian Epi-Palaeolithic IndustriesCivilization·100th century BCE — 50th century BCE