19th century
Gezira, Berber, Shendi, and Sennar
The Sudanese Revolt of 1822 was an uprising against the early Turkiyya administration after officials imposed heavy taxes on the peoples of Gezira and Berber. Protesters attacked isolated Egyptian military detachments, while mass flight spread toward Ethiopia, the Atbara Valley, and Gedaref. The revolt intensified after Isma‘il demanded money and slaves from the Ja‘liyin at Shendi and humiliated their mak, Nimir, who organized a lethal retaliation.
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The Story
The revolt of 1822 was one of the earliest major acts of resistance to Turkiyya in Sudan. It followed the imposition of heavy taxes by the Coptic financial intendant Isma‘il al-Tawil on the peoples of Gezira and Berber in 1821. The new taxation system disrupted local economic life because it departed from the lighter burdens associated with the Fundj Sultanate.
In February 1822, inhabitants rose in violent protest and attacked isolated detachments of Egyptian troops, killing members of those forces. Thousands fled from Shendi toward the Ethiopian border, the Atbara Valley, and Gedaref. Isma‘il, Muhammad ‘Ali’s son and commander-in-chief in Sennar, returned hurriedly from Fazughli and temporarily calmed the situation through conciliation and a revised tax assessment.
The conflict deepened later in the year at Shendi. On his journey from Sudan to Egypt, Isma‘il demanded 30,000 dollars and 6,000 slaves from the Ja‘liyin within two days. When the local mak Nimir protested, Isma‘il struck him across the face with his pipe; Nimir then conspired with his men to burn Isma‘il and his staff alive in late October 1822. The revolt subsequently spread to other regions and caused extensive loss of life and property.
19th century
Gezira, Berber, Shendi, and Sennar
The Sudanese Revolt of 1822 was an uprising against the early Turkiyya administration after officials imposed heavy taxes on the peoples of Gezira and Berber. Protesters attacked isolated Egyptian military detachments, while mass flight spread toward Ethiopia, the Atbara Valley, and Gedaref. The revolt intensified after Isma‘il demanded money and slaves from the Ja‘liyin at Shendi and humiliated their mak, Nimir, who organized a lethal retaliation.
Continue exploring
The Story
The revolt of 1822 was one of the earliest major acts of resistance to Turkiyya in Sudan. It followed the imposition of heavy taxes by the Coptic financial intendant Isma‘il al-Tawil on the peoples of Gezira and Berber in 1821. The new taxation system disrupted local economic life because it departed from the lighter burdens associated with the Fundj Sultanate.
In February 1822, inhabitants rose in violent protest and attacked isolated detachments of Egyptian troops, killing members of those forces. Thousands fled from Shendi toward the Ethiopian border, the Atbara Valley, and Gedaref. Isma‘il, Muhammad ‘Ali’s son and commander-in-chief in Sennar, returned hurriedly from Fazughli and temporarily calmed the situation through conciliation and a revised tax assessment.
The conflict deepened later in the year at Shendi. On his journey from Sudan to Egypt, Isma‘il demanded 30,000 dollars and 6,000 slaves from the Ja‘liyin within two days. When the local mak Nimir protested, Isma‘il struck him across the face with his pipe; Nimir then conspired with his men to burn Isma‘il and his staff alive in late October 1822. The revolt subsequently spread to other regions and caused extensive loss of life and property.
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