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100th century BCE – 50th century BCE

Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry

Senegal

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The Tiemassas Later Stone Age industry is a pre-Neolithic microlithic assemblage from an extensive lagoon-side site approximately 80 kilometres south of Dakar. It includes large backed blades, crude crescents, and bifacially flaked foliate projectile points, with additional concave-based and tanged points suggesting possible links to Saharan traditions. The site’s deposits may represent more than one occupation phase, but the phases cannot yet be separated stratigraphically. Its chronology remains undated in the extract.

Territory · Civilization

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  • What defines the Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry civilisation?
  • What happened for Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry between 10 000 av. J.-C. and 5 000 av. J.-C.?
  • What is the link between Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry and Tshitolian?
  • About Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry: can you clarify “Located near a lagoon south of Dakar”?

The Story

A lagoon-side pre-Neolithic assemblage

Tiemassas lies about 80 kilometres south of Dakar and preserves extensive exposures of stone industries extending over several kilometres beside a lagoon. The site is one of the clearest examples of the earliest Senegalese Later Stone Age described in the chapter. Because the deposits have not yet yielded separable stratigraphic phases, it remains possible that the exposed material represents more than one occupation.

The absence of pottery and ground stone artifacts, combined with the presence of a mode 5 industry, identifies a pre-Neolithic microlithic horizon. The recorded artifacts include large backed blades and crude crescents, as well as bifacially flaked foliate projectile points. Some of these points have finely denticulated edges that recall examples from the Tshitolian of lower Zaire.

A single concave-based point and one tanged example have stronger similarities to Saharan styles, and an Aterian ancestry has been proposed for the industry. Farther north, around Dakar, later-looking dune assemblages contain smaller and more regular microliths, while the bifacial projectile points characteristic of Tiemassas are virtually absent. The relationship between these assemblages remains unresolved.

Key Points

  • Located near a lagoon south of Dakar
  • Pre-Neolithic microlithic horizon
  • Backed blades and crude crescents
  • Bifacial foliate projectile points
  • Possible Saharan affinities

Trust

average

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

ResourcesMap
CivilizationTrust average

100th century BCE – 50th century BCE

Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry

Senegal

Listen
Compare
View in the constellation

The Tiemassas Later Stone Age industry is a pre-Neolithic microlithic assemblage from an extensive lagoon-side site approximately 80 kilometres south of Dakar. It includes large backed blades, crude crescents, and bifacially flaked foliate projectile points, with additional concave-based and tanged points suggesting possible links to Saharan traditions. The site’s deposits may represent more than one occupation phase, but the phases cannot yet be separated stratigraphically. Its chronology remains undated in the extract.

Territory · Civilization

Continue exploring

Ask Uriti

  • What defines the Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry civilisation?
  • What happened for Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry between 10 000 av. J.-C. and 5 000 av. J.-C.?
  • What is the link between Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry and Tshitolian?
  • About Tiemassas Later Stone Age Industry: can you clarify “Located near a lagoon south of Dakar”?

The Story

A lagoon-side pre-Neolithic assemblage

Tiemassas lies about 80 kilometres south of Dakar and preserves extensive exposures of stone industries extending over several kilometres beside a lagoon. The site is one of the clearest examples of the earliest Senegalese Later Stone Age described in the chapter. Because the deposits have not yet yielded separable stratigraphic phases, it remains possible that the exposed material represents more than one occupation.

The absence of pottery and ground stone artifacts, combined with the presence of a mode 5 industry, identifies a pre-Neolithic microlithic horizon. The recorded artifacts include large backed blades and crude crescents, as well as bifacially flaked foliate projectile points. Some of these points have finely denticulated edges that recall examples from the Tshitolian of lower Zaire.

A single concave-based point and one tanged example have stronger similarities to Saharan styles, and an Aterian ancestry has been proposed for the industry. Farther north, around Dakar, later-looking dune assemblages contain smaller and more regular microliths, while the bifacial projectile points characteristic of Tiemassas are virtually absent. The relationship between these assemblages remains unresolved.

Key Points

  • Located near a lagoon south of Dakar
  • Pre-Neolithic microlithic horizon
  • Backed blades and crude crescents
  • Bifacial foliate projectile points
  • Possible Saharan affinities

Trust

average

This level indicates the accuracy of the dates, locations, and boundaries available in the current corpus.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

A starting point for further exploration—not an exhaustive bibliography.

Continue the journey

Related Paths

Other paths related to this story.

  • Later Stone Age in Sub-Saharan AfricaCivilization·100th century BCE — 5th century