IVᵉ siècle av. J.-C.
Egypt
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Alexander III of Macedon conquered Egypt after the collapse of Persian authority there. The Persian administration surrendered without a fight, while Egyptian communities welcomed Alexander as a liberator. His visit included sacrifices at Memphis, recognition as Pharaoh at the Siwan sanctuary of Amun-Re, and the foundation of Alexandria at the western edge of the Delta.
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Le récit
Alexander’s invasion of the Persian Empire brought a decisive change to Egypt. After the Persian satrap of Egypt died in battle in Syria, a Greek mercenary commander named Amyntas briefly seized control but was killed during a local uprising after alienating the population through plunder. When Alexander arrived from Syria in 332 BC, the Persian authorities surrendered Egypt without resistance.
Egyptians received Alexander as a liberator, and his public actions emphasized respect for Egyptian religious traditions. At Memphis he sacrificed to the bull-god Apis, deliberately contrasting his conduct with that associated with Cambyses. He then travelled to the oasis of Siwa, where priests formally greeted him as Pharaoh and son of Amun-Re.
During his short stay, Alexander ordered the foundation of Alexandria at the western tip of the Delta. He appointed Peteesis and Doloaspis as governors of Upper and Lower Egypt, although Macedonian and Greek commanders retained effective authority. Alexander left Egypt in early 331 BC to continue his eastern campaigns.
IVᵉ siècle av. J.-C.
Egypt
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
Alexander III of Macedon conquered Egypt after the collapse of Persian authority there. The Persian administration surrendered without a fight, while Egyptian communities welcomed Alexander as a liberator. His visit included sacrifices at Memphis, recognition as Pharaoh at the Siwan sanctuary of Amun-Re, and the foundation of Alexandria at the western edge of the Delta.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
Alexander’s invasion of the Persian Empire brought a decisive change to Egypt. After the Persian satrap of Egypt died in battle in Syria, a Greek mercenary commander named Amyntas briefly seized control but was killed during a local uprising after alienating the population through plunder. When Alexander arrived from Syria in 332 BC, the Persian authorities surrendered Egypt without resistance.
Egyptians received Alexander as a liberator, and his public actions emphasized respect for Egyptian religious traditions. At Memphis he sacrificed to the bull-god Apis, deliberately contrasting his conduct with that associated with Cambyses. He then travelled to the oasis of Siwa, where priests formally greeted him as Pharaoh and son of Amun-Re.
During his short stay, Alexander ordered the foundation of Alexandria at the western tip of the Delta. He appointed Peteesis and Doloaspis as governors of Upper and Lower Egypt, although Macedonian and Greek commanders retained effective authority. Alexander left Egypt in early 331 BC to continue his eastern campaigns.
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