Jusqu’à XXᵉ siècle
Northern coastal Mozambique
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Angoche Sultanate was a coastal Swahili polity in northern Mozambique whose ruling class sought to preserve political independence and the slave trade under pressure from Portugal and Britain. Its forces supported Makua resistance against Portuguese offensives. A large Portuguese campaign in 1910 defeated Angoche and its allies, helping establish colonial control over the northern coast.
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Le récit
Angoche was one of several coastal Swahili sheikhdoms in northern Mozambique whose ruling class depended on commercial power, political autonomy, and the continuation of the slave trade. Before the scramble for Africa, Lisbon tolerated an unstable arrangement in which local aristocrats acknowledged nominal Portuguese authority while continuing to conduct slave trading covertly. International pressure, especially from Britain, eventually forced Portugal to abandon this accommodation.
The coastal aristocracy resisted the new policy because the slave trade supplied wealth and arms. Local African, Indian, and European merchants supported the ruling class, while much of the Islamized African population backed its promise to defend an established way of life against Christian outsiders and the imposition of the hut tax. Between 1885 and 1896 Portugal alternated threats, limited military action, and financial offers, but failed to establish effective control.
In 1896 Portuguese forces launched a major offensive against the Makua, reinforced by soldiers from Angoche, Quitanghona, and Marave. The colonial army was defeated, and further battles during the following decade generally left Portuguese forces on the defensive. In 1910, however, more than 4,600 Portuguese troops supported by heavy artillery attacked Angoche and its Makua allies, marking an unprecedented commitment to conquest.
The Makua surrendered by the end of 1910, after which Portuguese troops attacked Quitanghona and established hegemony there within a year. The defeat of Angoche, Makua, and Quitanghona secured Portuguese control over the northern coastal region and transformed the balance between the colonial army and the coastal polities.
Jusqu’à XXᵉ siècle
Northern coastal Mozambique
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Angoche Sultanate was a coastal Swahili polity in northern Mozambique whose ruling class sought to preserve political independence and the slave trade under pressure from Portugal and Britain. Its forces supported Makua resistance against Portuguese offensives. A large Portuguese campaign in 1910 defeated Angoche and its allies, helping establish colonial control over the northern coast.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
Angoche was one of several coastal Swahili sheikhdoms in northern Mozambique whose ruling class depended on commercial power, political autonomy, and the continuation of the slave trade. Before the scramble for Africa, Lisbon tolerated an unstable arrangement in which local aristocrats acknowledged nominal Portuguese authority while continuing to conduct slave trading covertly. International pressure, especially from Britain, eventually forced Portugal to abandon this accommodation.
The coastal aristocracy resisted the new policy because the slave trade supplied wealth and arms. Local African, Indian, and European merchants supported the ruling class, while much of the Islamized African population backed its promise to defend an established way of life against Christian outsiders and the imposition of the hut tax. Between 1885 and 1896 Portugal alternated threats, limited military action, and financial offers, but failed to establish effective control.
In 1896 Portuguese forces launched a major offensive against the Makua, reinforced by soldiers from Angoche, Quitanghona, and Marave. The colonial army was defeated, and further battles during the following decade generally left Portuguese forces on the defensive. In 1910, however, more than 4,600 Portuguese troops supported by heavy artillery attacked Angoche and its Makua allies, marking an unprecedented commitment to conquest.
The Makua surrendered by the end of 1910, after which Portuguese troops attacked Quitanghona and established hegemony there within a year. The defeat of Angoche, Makua, and Quitanghona secured Portuguese control over the northern coastal region and transformed the balance between the colonial army and the coastal polities.