XXᵉ siècle – XXᵉ siècle
South Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
Between 1949 and 1959, the National Party government expanded apartheid through legislation governing marriage, sexual relations, racial classification, residential space, political representation, movement, labour, and education. These measures intensified racial separation, restricted African urban residence and mobility, removed political rights from Coloured voters in the Cape, and placed African education under direct state control.
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After the National Party won the 1948 election, the new government began translating Afrikaner nationalist ideology into an extensive legal order. In 1949, marriage between Europeans and non-Europeans was prohibited. In 1950, the prohibition of sexual relations between whites and Africans was extended to Coloured and Asian people through an amendment to the 1927 Immorality Act.
The Population Registration Act of 1950 classified South Africans by race, with particularly damaging consequences for people identified as Coloured, including members of the same family. The Group Areas Act of the same year excluded Black neighbours and entrepreneurs from preferred districts and extended urban segregation. Between 1951 and 1956, procedures were used to remove the Cape Coloured franchise, reversing an earlier proposal associated with Hertzog.
The government also tightened control over African movement and settlement. The Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act of 1951 prohibited squatting without permission, while the 1952 Native Abolition of Passes and Coordination of Documents Act introduced the dompas, a reference book that Africans aged eighteen and over had to carry. The Native Laws Amendment Act of 1952 restricted permanent urban residence to people meeting demanding conditions involving birth, continuous work, or long employment in the same town.
Pass controls were extended to African women during the 1950s despite widespread protest. A march of 10,000 women led by Lilian Ngoyi reached Pretoria in 1956, but by 1959 all African women were required to carry passes. The Bantu Education Act of 1953 transferred control of African schools to the Department of Native Affairs and shaped schooling around the restricted occupations that the government intended Black people to perform.
XXᵉ siècle – XXᵉ siècle
South Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
Between 1949 and 1959, the National Party government expanded apartheid through legislation governing marriage, sexual relations, racial classification, residential space, political representation, movement, labour, and education. These measures intensified racial separation, restricted African urban residence and mobility, removed political rights from Coloured voters in the Cape, and placed African education under direct state control.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
After the National Party won the 1948 election, the new government began translating Afrikaner nationalist ideology into an extensive legal order. In 1949, marriage between Europeans and non-Europeans was prohibited. In 1950, the prohibition of sexual relations between whites and Africans was extended to Coloured and Asian people through an amendment to the 1927 Immorality Act.
The Population Registration Act of 1950 classified South Africans by race, with particularly damaging consequences for people identified as Coloured, including members of the same family. The Group Areas Act of the same year excluded Black neighbours and entrepreneurs from preferred districts and extended urban segregation. Between 1951 and 1956, procedures were used to remove the Cape Coloured franchise, reversing an earlier proposal associated with Hertzog.
The government also tightened control over African movement and settlement. The Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act of 1951 prohibited squatting without permission, while the 1952 Native Abolition of Passes and Coordination of Documents Act introduced the dompas, a reference book that Africans aged eighteen and over had to carry. The Native Laws Amendment Act of 1952 restricted permanent urban residence to people meeting demanding conditions involving birth, continuous work, or long employment in the same town.
Pass controls were extended to African women during the 1950s despite widespread protest. A march of 10,000 women led by Lilian Ngoyi reached Pretoria in 1956, but by 1959 all African women were required to carry passes. The Bantu Education Act of 1953 transferred control of African schools to the Department of Native Affairs and shaped schooling around the restricted occupations that the government intended Black people to perform.