À partir de XIᵉ siècle
Upper Egypt and North Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Banu Hilal were Arab tribal groups whose movement from Upper Egypt into North Africa became central to competing interpretations of the eleventh-century transformation of Ifriqiya. Older accounts blamed them for immense destruction and the decline of Kairouan, while revisionist scholarship presents them as migrants whose political impact depended on alliances, opportunities, and the weakening of centralized government. Their role in Arabization and state fragmentation remains contested.
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Le récit
The Banu Hilal entered the political history of Ifriqiya during the crisis of Zirid authority. The traditional interpretation holds that the Fatimid caliph in Cairo authorized their movement, together with the Banu Sulaym, from Upper Egypt into North Africa as retaliation against the Zirids' defection to the 'Abbasid caliphate. Other interpretations reduce the Fatimid role to persuading the tribes to abandon their allegiance to the Zirids and return to Fatimid loyalty.
Older historical accounts assigned the newcomers a major role in the Arabization of North Africa and accused them of immense destruction. They were portrayed as raiders, mercenaries, and agents of disorder whose arrival helped ruin Kairouan. The same movement of unrest extended into Egypt, where Lawata Berbers from Cyrenaica ravaged the western and northern regions and damaged irrigation works.
More recent interpretations described in the chapter place greater emphasis on the general movement of peoples, the prior progress of Arabization, and the disintegration of the Ifriqiyan state. The Banu Hilal may have been welcomed as allies by the Zirids and the Hammadids of Bougie before their quarrel with the Zirids. Their influence varied according to political circumstances: strong states could purchase or restrain their support, while weaker rulers left them greater freedom to pillage.
À partir de XIᵉ siècle
Upper Egypt and North Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Banu Hilal were Arab tribal groups whose movement from Upper Egypt into North Africa became central to competing interpretations of the eleventh-century transformation of Ifriqiya. Older accounts blamed them for immense destruction and the decline of Kairouan, while revisionist scholarship presents them as migrants whose political impact depended on alliances, opportunities, and the weakening of centralized government. Their role in Arabization and state fragmentation remains contested.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
The Banu Hilal entered the political history of Ifriqiya during the crisis of Zirid authority. The traditional interpretation holds that the Fatimid caliph in Cairo authorized their movement, together with the Banu Sulaym, from Upper Egypt into North Africa as retaliation against the Zirids' defection to the 'Abbasid caliphate. Other interpretations reduce the Fatimid role to persuading the tribes to abandon their allegiance to the Zirids and return to Fatimid loyalty.
Older historical accounts assigned the newcomers a major role in the Arabization of North Africa and accused them of immense destruction. They were portrayed as raiders, mercenaries, and agents of disorder whose arrival helped ruin Kairouan. The same movement of unrest extended into Egypt, where Lawata Berbers from Cyrenaica ravaged the western and northern regions and damaged irrigation works.
More recent interpretations described in the chapter place greater emphasis on the general movement of peoples, the prior progress of Arabization, and the disintegration of the Ifriqiyan state. The Banu Hilal may have been welcomed as allies by the Zirids and the Hammadids of Bougie before their quarrel with the Zirids. Their influence varied according to political circumstances: strong states could purchase or restrain their support, while weaker rulers left them greater freedom to pillage.
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