VIIIᵉ siècle – IXᵉ siècle
Red Sea Hills and Eastern Desert
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Bêdja were peoples of the Red Sea Hills and Eastern Desert who shaped political relations along Christian Nubia’s eastern frontier between the eighth and tenth centuries. Many remained non-Christian in the early ninth century, while some had nominally accepted Christianity and northern groups experienced Islamic influence. Their territories contained gold mines and became the scene of recurrent conflict, Arab settlement, tribute, and Nubian involvement.
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Le récit
The Bêdja occupied lands east of the Nile and along the Red Sea Hills, directly adjoining the eastern border of Nubia. Between the eighth and tenth centuries they were an important force in the politics of southern Egypt, the Eastern Desert, and Nubia. Earlier Blemmyes, described as a nomadic Bêdja people, had already posed a threat to southern Egypt through raids.
By the beginning of the ninth century, most Bêdja groups in the Red Sea Hills were still described as pagan. Some had nominally adopted Christianity, while northern groups appear to have been under strong Islamic influence. Their political position changed after the caliph al-Mu'tasim sent a punitive expedition in 831 during continuing border disputes. Following defeat, the Bêdja leader Känün ibn 'Abd al-'Azïz recognized caliphal suzerainty.
The resulting treaty imposed annual tribute and allowed Arab settlement in Bêdja lands, turning the ruler into a vassal without providing an Arab guarantee of security. Hostilities continued, partly because the region contained gold mines, especially around Wâdï al-'Allâkï, and Arab penetration increased. In the mid-ninth century, 'Alï Bäbä submitted to forces led by Muhammad al-Kummï; some reports put the tribute at about 2400 grams of gold per year. Nubian forces appear to have participated in these conflicts, and the Bêdja sought Nubian protection.
VIIIᵉ siècle – IXᵉ siècle
Red Sea Hills and Eastern Desert
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Bêdja were peoples of the Red Sea Hills and Eastern Desert who shaped political relations along Christian Nubia’s eastern frontier between the eighth and tenth centuries. Many remained non-Christian in the early ninth century, while some had nominally accepted Christianity and northern groups experienced Islamic influence. Their territories contained gold mines and became the scene of recurrent conflict, Arab settlement, tribute, and Nubian involvement.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
The Bêdja occupied lands east of the Nile and along the Red Sea Hills, directly adjoining the eastern border of Nubia. Between the eighth and tenth centuries they were an important force in the politics of southern Egypt, the Eastern Desert, and Nubia. Earlier Blemmyes, described as a nomadic Bêdja people, had already posed a threat to southern Egypt through raids.
By the beginning of the ninth century, most Bêdja groups in the Red Sea Hills were still described as pagan. Some had nominally adopted Christianity, while northern groups appear to have been under strong Islamic influence. Their political position changed after the caliph al-Mu'tasim sent a punitive expedition in 831 during continuing border disputes. Following defeat, the Bêdja leader Känün ibn 'Abd al-'Azïz recognized caliphal suzerainty.
The resulting treaty imposed annual tribute and allowed Arab settlement in Bêdja lands, turning the ruler into a vassal without providing an Arab guarantee of security. Hostilities continued, partly because the region contained gold mines, especially around Wâdï al-'Allâkï, and Arab penetration increased. In the mid-ninth century, 'Alï Bäbä submitted to forces led by Muhammad al-Kummï; some reports put the tribute at about 2400 grams of gold per year. Nubian forces appear to have participated in these conflicts, and the Bêdja sought Nubian protection.
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