XIXᵉ siècle – XXᵉ siècle
Egypt
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The British occupation of Egypt began after the defeat of the Urabist Revolution in 1882 and lasted seventy-two years. British intervention followed conflict with the Urabist government, including the bombardment of Alexandria and the campaign culminating at al-Tall al-Kabir. The occupation generated successive forms of Egyptian nationalist opposition, from exile-based pan-Islamist publishing to political parties, press campaigns, student protest, and resistance after the Dinshaway incident.
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Le récit
Britain intervened in Egypt during the crisis created by the Urabist Revolution. After the Egyptian cabinet rejected British demands concerning coastal fortifications, the British fleet bombarded Alexandria on 11 July 1882. Egyptian forces and civilians resisted, but British military superiority enabled the invaders to advance through the Suez Canal and defeat the revolution at al-Tall al-Kabir on 13 September.
The occupation followed the collapse of organized Urabist resistance. The passage states that Britain had promised a speedy evacuation but remained in Egypt for seventy-two years. This prolonged presence made foreign domination a central issue in Egyptian political life and provided the setting for nationalist initiatives that developed from the 1880s through the early twentieth century.
During the first decade of occupation, effective resistance within Egypt was limited, while important nationalist voices operated in exile. Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad ʿAbduh published the pan-Islamic magazine al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqa in 1883 to stimulate opposition to British rule. Later, ʿAli Yusuf’s newspaper al-Muʾayyad and the Constitutional Reformers continued to attack British hegemony.
Nationalist opposition became more visible in the 1890s and early twentieth century. Khedive ʿAbbas Hilmi encouraged demands for British evacuation, while Mustafa Kamil used speeches, newspapers, and European tours to promote Egyptian independence. The Dinshaway incident of 1906, followed by severe British sentences and public executions, intensified Egyptian nationalism and contributed to a reconsideration of British policy.
XIXᵉ siècle – XXᵉ siècle
Egypt
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The British occupation of Egypt began after the defeat of the Urabist Revolution in 1882 and lasted seventy-two years. British intervention followed conflict with the Urabist government, including the bombardment of Alexandria and the campaign culminating at al-Tall al-Kabir. The occupation generated successive forms of Egyptian nationalist opposition, from exile-based pan-Islamist publishing to political parties, press campaigns, student protest, and resistance after the Dinshaway incident.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
Britain intervened in Egypt during the crisis created by the Urabist Revolution. After the Egyptian cabinet rejected British demands concerning coastal fortifications, the British fleet bombarded Alexandria on 11 July 1882. Egyptian forces and civilians resisted, but British military superiority enabled the invaders to advance through the Suez Canal and defeat the revolution at al-Tall al-Kabir on 13 September.
The occupation followed the collapse of organized Urabist resistance. The passage states that Britain had promised a speedy evacuation but remained in Egypt for seventy-two years. This prolonged presence made foreign domination a central issue in Egyptian political life and provided the setting for nationalist initiatives that developed from the 1880s through the early twentieth century.
During the first decade of occupation, effective resistance within Egypt was limited, while important nationalist voices operated in exile. Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad ʿAbduh published the pan-Islamic magazine al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqa in 1883 to stimulate opposition to British rule. Later, ʿAli Yusuf’s newspaper al-Muʾayyad and the Constitutional Reformers continued to attack British hegemony.
Nationalist opposition became more visible in the 1890s and early twentieth century. Khedive ʿAbbas Hilmi encouraged demands for British evacuation, while Mustafa Kamil used speeches, newspapers, and European tours to promote Egyptian independence. The Dinshaway incident of 1906, followed by severe British sentences and public executions, intensified Egyptian nationalism and contributed to a reconsideration of British policy.
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