Vᵉ siècle – Vᵉ siècle
Ephesus, eastern Mediterranean
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The Council of Ephesus in 431 was the ecclesiastical assembly at which Cyril of Alexandria secured the deposition of Nestorius and the affirmation of Mary as Theotokos. It represented a major Alexandrian victory over Constantinople and crystallized competing Christological traditions in the eastern Christian world.
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The emperor summoned the council at Ephesus in June 431 after Cyril of Alexandria and Nestorius entered into an open theological and ecclesiastical conflict. Cyril defended the title Theotokos for the Virgin Mary, while Nestorius rejected it on the grounds that Mary bore Christ’s humanity rather than his Godhead. The dispute reflected wider differences between Alexandrian and Antiochene approaches to the nature of Christ.
Cyril occupied an unusually powerful position at the assembly. He acted simultaneously as papal plenipotentiary, accuser, and judge of Nestorius. By the evening of 22 June, Nestorius had been deposed and denounced as “the new Judas,” while crowds at Ephesus celebrated Cyril’s victory and Mary’s vindication as Theotokos.
The council’s outcome strengthened Alexandria’s authority over Constantinople but did not settle all Christological questions. Cyril’s Twelve Anathemas remained influential in popular Egyptian theology, even though the council did not accept them as a whole. The later Formula of Reunion in 433 showed that theological and political compromise remained necessary.
The assembly was summoned by Emperor Theodosius II after Eutyches appealed against his deposition by Flavian of Constantinople. It met at Ephesus in August 449 under the presidency of Dioscorus of Alexandria. Approximately 130 bishops participated, making the gathering a major judicial and theological confrontation among the principal eastern sees.
The proceedings were marked by violence and disorder. Flavian, Domnus, and their supporters were deposed, while Eutyches was restored to office. Dioscorus’s authority and the backing of the imperial court enabled Alexandria to defeat its opponents, at least temporarily, and to present Cyril’s theology as the creed of Christendom.
The assembly affirmed that Christ must be acknowledged as One Incarnate Nature and ignored the Tome of Leo, which defended the doctrine of two natures. The outcome gave Dioscorus a brief supremacy, but it also destroyed his alliance with Pope Leo and contributed directly to his downfall at Chalcedon two years later.
Vᵉ siècle – Vᵉ siècle
Ephesus, eastern Mediterranean
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Council of Ephesus in 431 was the ecclesiastical assembly at which Cyril of Alexandria secured the deposition of Nestorius and the affirmation of Mary as Theotokos. It represented a major Alexandrian victory over Constantinople and crystallized competing Christological traditions in the eastern Christian world.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
The emperor summoned the council at Ephesus in June 431 after Cyril of Alexandria and Nestorius entered into an open theological and ecclesiastical conflict. Cyril defended the title Theotokos for the Virgin Mary, while Nestorius rejected it on the grounds that Mary bore Christ’s humanity rather than his Godhead. The dispute reflected wider differences between Alexandrian and Antiochene approaches to the nature of Christ.
Cyril occupied an unusually powerful position at the assembly. He acted simultaneously as papal plenipotentiary, accuser, and judge of Nestorius. By the evening of 22 June, Nestorius had been deposed and denounced as “the new Judas,” while crowds at Ephesus celebrated Cyril’s victory and Mary’s vindication as Theotokos.
The council’s outcome strengthened Alexandria’s authority over Constantinople but did not settle all Christological questions. Cyril’s Twelve Anathemas remained influential in popular Egyptian theology, even though the council did not accept them as a whole. The later Formula of Reunion in 433 showed that theological and political compromise remained necessary.
The assembly was summoned by Emperor Theodosius II after Eutyches appealed against his deposition by Flavian of Constantinople. It met at Ephesus in August 449 under the presidency of Dioscorus of Alexandria. Approximately 130 bishops participated, making the gathering a major judicial and theological confrontation among the principal eastern sees.
The proceedings were marked by violence and disorder. Flavian, Domnus, and their supporters were deposed, while Eutyches was restored to office. Dioscorus’s authority and the backing of the imperial court enabled Alexandria to defeat its opponents, at least temporarily, and to present Cyril’s theology as the creed of Christendom.
The assembly affirmed that Christ must be acknowledged as One Incarnate Nature and ignored the Tome of Leo, which defended the doctrine of two natures. The outcome gave Dioscorus a brief supremacy, but it also destroyed his alliance with Pope Leo and contributed directly to his downfall at Chalcedon two years later.
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