XXᵉ siècle – XXᵉ siècle
East and Central Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The decolonisation of British East and Central Africa was a transition from colonial rule to African-majority governments between 1940 and 1964. Its pace accelerated sharply after the late 1950s, producing independent states in Tanganyika, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zanzibar. The process combined imperial policy with nationalist pressure and was shaped by settler resistance, international developments, and African political mobilisation.
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Le récit
In 1940, British policy distinguished between settler colonies such as Kenya and Rhodesia and colonies of administration such as Uganda, Tanganyika, and Nyasaland. European and Asian immigrant communities, particularly white minorities in Kenya and Rhodesia, remained economically and politically dominant. Their presence made Britain reluctant to accept African majority rule as the necessary outcome of constitutional change across the region.
The political landscape changed decisively after the late 1950s. Between 1960 and 1964 Britain transferred power to African majorities and established six independent Black African states: Tanganyika in 1961, Uganda in 1962, Kenya in 1963, Malawi and Zambia in 1964, and Zanzibar in 1963. Zanzibar later joined Tanganyika to form Tanzania. The defining feature of the transition was the movement of authority from white settler minorities to African political leadership.
Decolonisation resulted from the interaction of imperial design and nationalist pressure. International developments, including Suez, Cyprus, Malaya, and the Cold War, influenced British policy, while growing African political consciousness forced increasingly substantial concessions. In Kenya, the Mau Mau violence and the declaration of a state of emergency in 1952 eventually contributed to British acceptance of majority rule; in Uganda, Ganda resistance to the deportation of Kabaka Mutesa strengthened nationalist mobilisation.
XXᵉ siècle – XXᵉ siècle
East and Central Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The decolonisation of British East and Central Africa was a transition from colonial rule to African-majority governments between 1940 and 1964. Its pace accelerated sharply after the late 1950s, producing independent states in Tanganyika, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zanzibar. The process combined imperial policy with nationalist pressure and was shaped by settler resistance, international developments, and African political mobilisation.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
In 1940, British policy distinguished between settler colonies such as Kenya and Rhodesia and colonies of administration such as Uganda, Tanganyika, and Nyasaland. European and Asian immigrant communities, particularly white minorities in Kenya and Rhodesia, remained economically and politically dominant. Their presence made Britain reluctant to accept African majority rule as the necessary outcome of constitutional change across the region.
The political landscape changed decisively after the late 1950s. Between 1960 and 1964 Britain transferred power to African majorities and established six independent Black African states: Tanganyika in 1961, Uganda in 1962, Kenya in 1963, Malawi and Zambia in 1964, and Zanzibar in 1963. Zanzibar later joined Tanganyika to form Tanzania. The defining feature of the transition was the movement of authority from white settler minorities to African political leadership.
Decolonisation resulted from the interaction of imperial design and nationalist pressure. International developments, including Suez, Cyprus, Malaya, and the Cold War, influenced British policy, while growing African political consciousness forced increasingly substantial concessions. In Kenya, the Mau Mau violence and the declaration of a state of emergency in 1952 eventually contributed to British acceptance of majority rule; in Uganda, Ganda resistance to the deportation of Kabaka Mutesa strengthened nationalist mobilisation.