XIXᵉ siècle – XIXᵉ siècle
Transvaal, southern Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The First Anglo-Boer War was an armed Boer uprising against British administration in the Transvaal. After diplomatic delegations, petitions, and a referendum failed to restore independence, Boer leaders re-established a republican government in December 1880. The conflict ended with the Boer victory at Amajuba and the Pretoria Convention, which granted self-government while preserving important British imperial controls.
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After the British annexation of the Transvaal, Boer leaders initially pursued peaceful methods to recover independence. Delegations travelled to London, a referendum recorded overwhelming opposition to British rule, and further petitions sought recognition of the Boer republic. British ministers continued to offer only self-government within a proposed South African confederation, leaving the central Boer demand for restored independence unanswered.
By December 1879, political patience had largely run out. At a mass meeting at Wonderfontein attended by more than 6,000 Boers, participants resolved to abandon peaceful methods, reject the status of British subjects, and establish a republican government. In December 1880 the Boers unilaterally reinstituted republican administration, initially operating from Heidelberg under Paul Kruger, Piet Joubert, and M. W. Pretorius.
War began on 16 December 1880 when Owen Lanyon refused to surrender the administration of the Transvaal peacefully. Fighting continued through December and January, culminating in the decisive Boer victory over the British at Amajuba Hills on 27 February 1881. The Pretoria Convention of August 1881 granted the Boers self-government, although Britain retained imperial supremacy through control of external relations and the right to move military forces through the Transvaal during wartime.
XIXᵉ siècle – XIXᵉ siècle
Transvaal, southern Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The First Anglo-Boer War was an armed Boer uprising against British administration in the Transvaal. After diplomatic delegations, petitions, and a referendum failed to restore independence, Boer leaders re-established a republican government in December 1880. The conflict ended with the Boer victory at Amajuba and the Pretoria Convention, which granted self-government while preserving important British imperial controls.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
After the British annexation of the Transvaal, Boer leaders initially pursued peaceful methods to recover independence. Delegations travelled to London, a referendum recorded overwhelming opposition to British rule, and further petitions sought recognition of the Boer republic. British ministers continued to offer only self-government within a proposed South African confederation, leaving the central Boer demand for restored independence unanswered.
By December 1879, political patience had largely run out. At a mass meeting at Wonderfontein attended by more than 6,000 Boers, participants resolved to abandon peaceful methods, reject the status of British subjects, and establish a republican government. In December 1880 the Boers unilaterally reinstituted republican administration, initially operating from Heidelberg under Paul Kruger, Piet Joubert, and M. W. Pretorius.
War began on 16 December 1880 when Owen Lanyon refused to surrender the administration of the Transvaal peacefully. Fighting continued through December and January, culminating in the decisive Boer victory over the British at Amajuba Hills on 27 February 1881. The Pretoria Convention of August 1881 granted the Boers self-government, although Britain retained imperial supremacy through control of external relations and the right to move military forces through the Transvaal during wartime.