Xᵉ siècle – XVIᵉ siècle
Eastern and southern Shoa, upper Awash, and southern Ethiopian highlands
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Muslim states of southern Ethiopia formed a belt of polities south and east of the Ethiopian highlands, including Ifat, Adal, Dawaro, Fetegar, Hadya, and Bali. Their ruling classes adopted Islam and controlled trade routes from Zeila, creating a political and religious frontier around Christian Ethiopia. Although divided and militarily limited, they fought Ethiopian rulers for more than two centuries and were largely reduced to vassalage in the first half of the fifteenth century.
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Le récit
A series of Muslim states emerged south of the Ethiopian highlands before the full disappearance of the Nubian kingdoms. In eastern and southern Shoa, Ifat and Adal, together with smaller principalities, controlled the principal trade routes leading from Zeila. Farther west, states such as Dawaro, Fetegar, Hadya, and Bali developed among settled Sidama and nomadic Cushitic groups whose ruling classes adopted Islam.
These polities formed what al-Maqrizi called al-firdq al-islami, or the “Muslim fringe.” Their position contributed to the encirclement of Christian Ethiopia by Islam and obstructed Ethiopian expansion toward the south and southeast. Their importance lay not only in military power but also in their control of commercial corridors connecting the interior with Red Sea ports.
The Muslim states were never strong enough to form a united front, yet Ethiopian rulers recognized the danger posed by their existence. From the time of Amda-Siyon in 1329, Ethiopian–Muslim wars continued for more than two centuries, with only brief interruptions. In the first half of the fifteenth century, the negus was recognized as overlord and most Muslim rulers became his vassals, although the political and religious frontier remained significant.
Xᵉ siècle – XVIᵉ siècle
Eastern and southern Shoa, upper Awash, and southern Ethiopian highlands
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Muslim states of southern Ethiopia formed a belt of polities south and east of the Ethiopian highlands, including Ifat, Adal, Dawaro, Fetegar, Hadya, and Bali. Their ruling classes adopted Islam and controlled trade routes from Zeila, creating a political and religious frontier around Christian Ethiopia. Although divided and militarily limited, they fought Ethiopian rulers for more than two centuries and were largely reduced to vassalage in the first half of the fifteenth century.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
A series of Muslim states emerged south of the Ethiopian highlands before the full disappearance of the Nubian kingdoms. In eastern and southern Shoa, Ifat and Adal, together with smaller principalities, controlled the principal trade routes leading from Zeila. Farther west, states such as Dawaro, Fetegar, Hadya, and Bali developed among settled Sidama and nomadic Cushitic groups whose ruling classes adopted Islam.
These polities formed what al-Maqrizi called al-firdq al-islami, or the “Muslim fringe.” Their position contributed to the encirclement of Christian Ethiopia by Islam and obstructed Ethiopian expansion toward the south and southeast. Their importance lay not only in military power but also in their control of commercial corridors connecting the interior with Red Sea ports.
The Muslim states were never strong enough to form a united front, yet Ethiopian rulers recognized the danger posed by their existence. From the time of Amda-Siyon in 1329, Ethiopian–Muslim wars continued for more than two centuries, with only brief interruptions. In the first half of the fifteenth century, the negus was recognized as overlord and most Muslim rulers became his vassals, although the political and religious frontier remained significant.
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