XIXᵉ siècle
Transvaal and the Vaal River region, southern Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Sand River Convention was concluded on 17 January 1852 between the British and representatives of the Transvaal Boers. It recognized Transvaal independence, ended British alliance treaties with African states north of the Vaal, and committed the Transvaal not to interfere in British colonial affairs or participate in slavery and the slave trade. The agreement also restricted African access to firearms while preserving Boer access to British arms markets.
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Le récit
After the Anglo-Xhosa War and the collapse of British authority in the Orange River Sovereignty, London sought to disengage from the interior. British commissioners Major William Hogge and Charles Owen negotiated with Boer representatives while attempting to prevent interference from Boers north of the Vaal River. Andries Pretorius assembled a delegation from the divided Transvaal communities and brought the negotiations to a settlement.
The convention was concluded on 17 January 1852. Britain recognized the independence of the Transvaal and renounced its treaty alliances with African states north of the Vaal. In return, the Transvaal agreed not to interfere in British colonies and not to participate in slavery or the slave trade.
The agreement also established an unequal arms arrangement. African societies on both sides of the Vaal were excluded from British and Boer firearms and ammunition markets, while the Boers retained free access to British arms markets. The passage presents this embargo as a mechanism that preserved white military superiority and constrained African state arsenals.
XIXᵉ siècle
Transvaal and the Vaal River region, southern Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Sand River Convention was concluded on 17 January 1852 between the British and representatives of the Transvaal Boers. It recognized Transvaal independence, ended British alliance treaties with African states north of the Vaal, and committed the Transvaal not to interfere in British colonial affairs or participate in slavery and the slave trade. The agreement also restricted African access to firearms while preserving Boer access to British arms markets.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
After the Anglo-Xhosa War and the collapse of British authority in the Orange River Sovereignty, London sought to disengage from the interior. British commissioners Major William Hogge and Charles Owen negotiated with Boer representatives while attempting to prevent interference from Boers north of the Vaal River. Andries Pretorius assembled a delegation from the divided Transvaal communities and brought the negotiations to a settlement.
The convention was concluded on 17 January 1852. Britain recognized the independence of the Transvaal and renounced its treaty alliances with African states north of the Vaal. In return, the Transvaal agreed not to interfere in British colonies and not to participate in slavery or the slave trade.
The agreement also established an unequal arms arrangement. African societies on both sides of the Vaal were excluded from British and Boer firearms and ammunition markets, while the Boers retained free access to British arms markets. The passage presents this embargo as a mechanism that preserved white military superiority and constrained African state arsenals.