XIXᵉ siècle – XIXᵉ siècle
Eastern Cape and British Kaffraria, southern Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
Sandile was the paramount Xhosa chief whose resistance to British interference helped trigger the Anglo-Xhosa War of 1850–1853. He rejected a summons from Sir Harry Smith, was deposed and outlawed, and then led armed opposition to British forces. His cause attracted support from Xhosa communities east of the Kei, the Thembu, Khoikhoi, and defectors from colonial African units.
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Le récit
Sandile held paramount authority among the Xhosa in the eastern Cape when British officials attempted to impose tighter control over Xhosa institutions. Sir Harry Smith summoned him to a meeting in King William’s Town, but Sandile refused because the British had previously arrested him after responding to a similar summons. His refusal became the immediate focus of a broader dispute over political authority.
Smith deposed Sandile and tried to replace him with a white chief and Sandile’s mother, but the Xhosa rejected both appointments. The governor then outlawed Sandile and attempted to capture him by force. By December 1850, Sandile’s forces were attacking British troops and military installations and had destroyed several military villages.
Sandile’s resistance gained wide regional support. Sarili’s Xhosa east of the Kei offered moral backing, while members of the African police, Cape Coloured Mounted Riflemen, Khoikhoi, and some Thembu joined the struggle. After the Xhosa defeat in October 1852, Sandile’s communities lost vast herds of cattle to the British, and lands associated with his chiefs were subsequently confiscated.
XIXᵉ siècle – XIXᵉ siècle
Eastern Cape and British Kaffraria, southern Africa
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
Sandile was the paramount Xhosa chief whose resistance to British interference helped trigger the Anglo-Xhosa War of 1850–1853. He rejected a summons from Sir Harry Smith, was deposed and outlawed, and then led armed opposition to British forces. His cause attracted support from Xhosa communities east of the Kei, the Thembu, Khoikhoi, and defectors from colonial African units.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
Sandile held paramount authority among the Xhosa in the eastern Cape when British officials attempted to impose tighter control over Xhosa institutions. Sir Harry Smith summoned him to a meeting in King William’s Town, but Sandile refused because the British had previously arrested him after responding to a similar summons. His refusal became the immediate focus of a broader dispute over political authority.
Smith deposed Sandile and tried to replace him with a white chief and Sandile’s mother, but the Xhosa rejected both appointments. The governor then outlawed Sandile and attempted to capture him by force. By December 1850, Sandile’s forces were attacking British troops and military installations and had destroyed several military villages.
Sandile’s resistance gained wide regional support. Sarili’s Xhosa east of the Kei offered moral backing, while members of the African police, Cape Coloured Mounted Riflemen, Khoikhoi, and some Thembu joined the struggle. After the Xhosa defeat in October 1852, Sandile’s communities lost vast herds of cattle to the British, and lands associated with his chiefs were subsequently confiscated.
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