XXᵉ siècle – XXᵉ siècle
Central and southern Namibia
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The South African invasion transformed the Police Zone through military mobilisation, stock requisitioning, land redistribution, and the return or reorganisation of African communities. Bondelswarts and Rehoboth groups suffered heavy livestock losses, while African pastoralists occupied Crown land and established new settlements. At the same time, Herero and Damara leaders rebuilt political authority under the constraints of South African rule.
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Le récit
The invasion affected African groups unevenly but profoundly. Bondelswarts and Rehobothers were drawn into the campaign, and large herds belonging to black and white farmers were requisitioned to supply both sides. Bondelswarts losses were recorded as 15,227 small stock and 123 large stock, leaving only about 600 and 30 respectively. General Botha described the conflict as a white man’s war and limited the formal role of Africans largely to auxiliary and labour functions.
In the short term, the arrival of South African forces facilitated African access to land and stock and accelerated repastoralisation. A 1916 farm survey identified more than 33.6 million hectares not yet occupied by white farmers. During wartime disruption, African pastoralists established or expanded settlements around places including Crumbo-Okatara, Aukiegas, Fürstenwalde, Neubrunner, Hoachanas, Gobabis, Okahandja, Omaruru, and Windhoek.
The post-invasion period also saw the return of older leadership lineages. Edward Fredericks returned to lead the Bethany people, while descendants and representatives of Herero and Damara leaders re-established positions in the south and north. The oturupa, mainly Herero quasi-military organisations, provided mutual support and a symbolic revival of military traditions without posing an immediate military threat to colonial authorities.
XXᵉ siècle – XXᵉ siècle
Central and southern Namibia
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The South African invasion transformed the Police Zone through military mobilisation, stock requisitioning, land redistribution, and the return or reorganisation of African communities. Bondelswarts and Rehoboth groups suffered heavy livestock losses, while African pastoralists occupied Crown land and established new settlements. At the same time, Herero and Damara leaders rebuilt political authority under the constraints of South African rule.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
The invasion affected African groups unevenly but profoundly. Bondelswarts and Rehobothers were drawn into the campaign, and large herds belonging to black and white farmers were requisitioned to supply both sides. Bondelswarts losses were recorded as 15,227 small stock and 123 large stock, leaving only about 600 and 30 respectively. General Botha described the conflict as a white man’s war and limited the formal role of Africans largely to auxiliary and labour functions.
In the short term, the arrival of South African forces facilitated African access to land and stock and accelerated repastoralisation. A 1916 farm survey identified more than 33.6 million hectares not yet occupied by white farmers. During wartime disruption, African pastoralists established or expanded settlements around places including Crumbo-Okatara, Aukiegas, Fürstenwalde, Neubrunner, Hoachanas, Gobabis, Okahandja, Omaruru, and Windhoek.
The post-invasion period also saw the return of older leadership lineages. Edward Fredericks returned to lead the Bethany people, while descendants and representatives of Herero and Damara leaders re-established positions in the south and north. The oturupa, mainly Herero quasi-military organisations, provided mutual support and a symbolic revival of military traditions without posing an immediate military threat to colonial authorities.
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