The large cave at Taforalt provides the extract’s strongest eastern Moroccan evidence for the Mousterian. The sequence places the Mousterian below four Aterian layers, making the site especially useful for comparing the two technological traditions within a single stratified context. The contrast is archaeological rather than merely geographical, because the toolkits change between the lower and overlying horizons.

The lowest archaeological horizon, Layer G, contained Levallois flakes, side-scrapers, denticulated and notched pieces, and a crude Tayacian point made of silicified sandstone. These forms contrast with the overlying Aterian assemblages, which include tanged and bifacial points made mostly in flint. The sequence therefore preserves a clear difference in tool morphology and raw-material selection.

Taforalt also contributes to the discussion of regional variation within the Aterian. Two lower Aterian assemblages, Layers H and F, are described as less developed than the uppermost Layer D. Layer D contains more bifacial points, end-scrapers, and tanged pieces, features that may indicate a later expression within the local sequence.

Taforalt in Morocco is one of the principal archaeological sites for understanding Iberomaurusian populations. The cave preserves a substantial cemetery containing the remains of approximately two hundred people, distributed across a period that may span several millennia. These burials provide unusually rich evidence for demography, health, and behavior among Late Palaeolithic communities of the Maghrib.

The skeletal evidence points to difficult living conditions. Infant mortality was high, and the remains show dental abscesses, caries, arthritis, rheumatism, and other ailments. Gene-related traits suggest considerable inbreeding, possibly over some seventy-five generations at the site. At the same time, few fractures or signs of traumatic death were identified in the population described.

Taforalt is particularly notable for a cranial operation interpreted as the oldest known case of trepanation. Traces of cicatrization suggest that the operation was apparently successful, implying practical knowledge of healing and anatomy. The cave has also produced several engraved and carved stones, although the excerpt treats the evidence for Iberomaurusian art as ambiguous.