XIXᵉ siècle
Eastern Mediterranean and Egypt
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Treaty of London, signed by European powers and the Ottoman Empire on 15 July 1840, curtailed Muhammad 'Ali's drive to build an independent Egyptian economy. It ended the monopoly system associated with his government and opened Egypt to foreign capital, contributing to distortions in the country's economic structure and weakening the foundations of autonomous state development.
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Le récit
The Treaty of London marked a decisive interruption in Muhammad 'Ali's economic and political project. Signed by European powers and Turkey on 15 July 1840, it enabled the curbing of Egypt's effort to construct an independent economy. The treaty therefore belongs to the wider history of intervention in the relationship between Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and the European powers.
Its consequences were especially significant for the monopoly system established under Muhammad 'Ali. Once that system ended, Egypt became open to foreign capital, which introduced new distortions into the economy. The passage links this change to the weakening of the industrial and economic autonomy that had supported the centralized Egyptian state.
The treaty's longer-term effects were connected with Egypt's growing dependence on cotton cultivation, foreign loans, and the international economic system. This dependence reduced the state's room for sovereign decisions and formed part of the chain of developments that eventually led to the military occupation of Egypt in 1882.
XIXᵉ siècle
Eastern Mediterranean and Egypt
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Treaty of London, signed by European powers and the Ottoman Empire on 15 July 1840, curtailed Muhammad 'Ali's drive to build an independent Egyptian economy. It ended the monopoly system associated with his government and opened Egypt to foreign capital, contributing to distortions in the country's economic structure and weakening the foundations of autonomous state development.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
The Treaty of London marked a decisive interruption in Muhammad 'Ali's economic and political project. Signed by European powers and Turkey on 15 July 1840, it enabled the curbing of Egypt's effort to construct an independent economy. The treaty therefore belongs to the wider history of intervention in the relationship between Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and the European powers.
Its consequences were especially significant for the monopoly system established under Muhammad 'Ali. Once that system ended, Egypt became open to foreign capital, which introduced new distortions into the economy. The passage links this change to the weakening of the industrial and economic autonomy that had supported the centralized Egyptian state.
The treaty's longer-term effects were connected with Egypt's growing dependence on cotton cultivation, foreign loans, and the international economic system. This dependence reduced the state's room for sovereign decisions and formed part of the chain of developments that eventually led to the military occupation of Egypt in 1882.
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