IXᵉ siècle – IXᵉ siècle
Lower Iraq and the Persian Gulf
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Zandj revolt was a large-scale social uprising involving Africans in the Muslim East during the ninth century. It had major political, social, and economic consequences: it shattered the unity of the Muslim empire, encouraged the breakaway of provinces from the Abbasid Caliphate, and contributed to the decline of the old Abbasid regime. The revolt also influenced labor systems, military politics, and racial attitudes toward black Africans in Muslim societies.
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Le récit
The Zandj revolt is presented as an authentic social rising whose participants, described as Africans, helped produce profound changes in the history of the Muslim Empire. Its consequences extended beyond the immediate conflict into political, social, and economic life. The uprising demonstrated the instability created by the large-scale concentration of enslaved labor in agriculture and irrigation, particularly in the eastern Muslim lands.
Politically, the revolt shattered the unity of the Muslim empire as major provinces broke away from the Caliphate. The crisis deepened existing divisions between social classes and made privileged groups increasingly dependent on professional armies composed of Turkish and other mercenaries. This development marked the beginning of a new political era in the Muslim Middle East, in which military forces became central to the maintenance of order.
The revolt also affected the organization of production. The ruling classes abandoned large-scale enterprises based on concentrated slave labor in agriculture and irrigation, at least according to the interpretation offered here. Slave exploitation subsequently gave way to feudal forms of production in the eastern Muslim countries. Whether the number of imported African slaves declined as a result remains unresolved because the excerpt notes the absence of reliable statistics.
The aftermath included a hardening of racial attitudes. Black Africans came to be held in contempt in parts of the Muslim East despite Islamic teachings, and Muslim literature developed negative themes concerning black people that had previously been unknown. The revolt therefore appears in the excerpt both as a political upheaval and as a turning point in the social and racial history of the medieval Muslim world.
IXᵉ siècle – IXᵉ siècle
Lower Iraq and the Persian Gulf
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
The Zandj revolt was a large-scale social uprising involving Africans in the Muslim East during the ninth century. It had major political, social, and economic consequences: it shattered the unity of the Muslim empire, encouraged the breakaway of provinces from the Abbasid Caliphate, and contributed to the decline of the old Abbasid regime. The revolt also influenced labor systems, military politics, and racial attitudes toward black Africans in Muslim societies.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
The Zandj revolt is presented as an authentic social rising whose participants, described as Africans, helped produce profound changes in the history of the Muslim Empire. Its consequences extended beyond the immediate conflict into political, social, and economic life. The uprising demonstrated the instability created by the large-scale concentration of enslaved labor in agriculture and irrigation, particularly in the eastern Muslim lands.
Politically, the revolt shattered the unity of the Muslim empire as major provinces broke away from the Caliphate. The crisis deepened existing divisions between social classes and made privileged groups increasingly dependent on professional armies composed of Turkish and other mercenaries. This development marked the beginning of a new political era in the Muslim Middle East, in which military forces became central to the maintenance of order.
The revolt also affected the organization of production. The ruling classes abandoned large-scale enterprises based on concentrated slave labor in agriculture and irrigation, at least according to the interpretation offered here. Slave exploitation subsequently gave way to feudal forms of production in the eastern Muslim countries. Whether the number of imported African slaves declined as a result remains unresolved because the excerpt notes the absence of reliable statistics.
The aftermath included a hardening of racial attitudes. Black Africans came to be held in contempt in parts of the Muslim East despite Islamic teachings, and Muslim literature developed negative themes concerning black people that had previously been unknown. The revolt therefore appears in the excerpt both as a political upheaval and as a turning point in the social and racial history of the medieval Muslim world.
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