XVᵉ siècle – XVIIIᵉ siècle
Sudan, Egypt, Red Sea, and western Sudan
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
Sudan’s long-distance trade networks connected the Fur and Fundj sultanates with Egypt, the Red Sea, Ethiopia, Borno-Wadai, Kordofan, and Darfur. Two principal axes crossed the region: an east-west corridor linking western Sudan to Sennar and Sawakin, and a south-north system connecting Sennar and Fur territories to Upper Egypt. These routes carried slaves, gold, ostrich feathers, textiles, weapons, jewellery, religious learning, and pilgrims.
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Le récit
Trade routes crossing the Fur and Fundj sultanates strengthened economic and cultural links with regions beyond Sudan. Rulers encouraged long-distance commerce because customs duties generated revenue and imported luxury goods helped maintain courtly prestige and reward supporters. African products such as slaves, gold, ostrich feathers, and other commodities were exchanged for cotton textiles, weapons, jewellery, and luxury items.
The western-eastern axis connected Borno-Wadai with Sennar through Kobbie and Kordofan. From Sennar, the route continued toward Koz Radjad and Sawakin, either directly or through Shandi. Known as the Sudan Road, it opened eastern Sudan to influences from western Sudan and North Africa and was used by Muslim scholars and pilgrims who could not afford the desert crossing through Egypt.
A second route began at Sennar, passed through Kerri, crossed the Bayuda Desert, and reached Asyut in Upper Egypt through Dunkula and Salima. In the eighteenth century, disruption caused by the Shaykiyya uprising led traders to prefer an eastern-bank route that crossed the Atbara and the Nubian Desert to Isna. At Salima Oasis, this corridor joined the Darb al-Arba'in, which connected Kobbie to Asyut through the Salima and Kharga oases.
The commercial geography of the region changed over time. Sennar initially benefited from its strategic position, but rivalry with the Fur Sultanate and Shilluk raids made the Kobbie-Sennar road unsafe. Caravans increasingly used the northern route through Shandi, which became a major centre and replaced Sennar as the market for Ethiopian and Fur trade. Sawakin also served as a major Red Sea outlet and slave market.
XVᵉ siècle – XVIIIᵉ siècle
Sudan, Egypt, Red Sea, and western Sudan
Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible
Sudan’s long-distance trade networks connected the Fur and Fundj sultanates with Egypt, the Red Sea, Ethiopia, Borno-Wadai, Kordofan, and Darfur. Two principal axes crossed the region: an east-west corridor linking western Sudan to Sennar and Sawakin, and a south-north system connecting Sennar and Fur territories to Upper Egypt. These routes carried slaves, gold, ostrich feathers, textiles, weapons, jewellery, religious learning, and pilgrims.
Poursuivre l’exploration
Le récit
Trade routes crossing the Fur and Fundj sultanates strengthened economic and cultural links with regions beyond Sudan. Rulers encouraged long-distance commerce because customs duties generated revenue and imported luxury goods helped maintain courtly prestige and reward supporters. African products such as slaves, gold, ostrich feathers, and other commodities were exchanged for cotton textiles, weapons, jewellery, and luxury items.
The western-eastern axis connected Borno-Wadai with Sennar through Kobbie and Kordofan. From Sennar, the route continued toward Koz Radjad and Sawakin, either directly or through Shandi. Known as the Sudan Road, it opened eastern Sudan to influences from western Sudan and North Africa and was used by Muslim scholars and pilgrims who could not afford the desert crossing through Egypt.
A second route began at Sennar, passed through Kerri, crossed the Bayuda Desert, and reached Asyut in Upper Egypt through Dunkula and Salima. In the eighteenth century, disruption caused by the Shaykiyya uprising led traders to prefer an eastern-bank route that crossed the Atbara and the Nubian Desert to Isna. At Salima Oasis, this corridor joined the Darb al-Arba'in, which connected Kobbie to Asyut through the Salima and Kharga oases.
The commercial geography of the region changed over time. Sennar initially benefited from its strategic position, but rivalry with the Fur Sultanate and Shilluk raids made the Kobbie-Sennar road unsafe. Caravans increasingly used the northern route through Shandi, which became a major centre and replaced Sennar as the market for Ethiopian and Fur trade. Sawakin also served as a major Red Sea outlet and slave market.
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