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CivilisationConfiance moyenne

Cᵉ siècle av. J.-C.

Aterian Complex

Maghrib and Sahara

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The Aterian was a Middle Palaeolithic technological tradition centered in north-west Africa and extending across much of the Sahara. It is distinguished especially by tanged or pedunculate tools, often combined with bifacial points, Levallois products, scrapers, burins, and Upper Palaeolithic forms. The extract describes regional facies and chronological stages from the Maghrib, Saoura Valley, central Sahara, northern Chad, and western Egypt, while stressing uneven dating and continuing uncertainty about its relationship to the Mousterian.

Territoire · Civilisation

Poursuivre l’exploration

Demander à Uriti

  • Qu’est-ce qui caractérise la civilisation Aterian Complex ?
  • Quel rôle joue Aterian Complex dans la région Maghrib and Sahara ?
  • Quel lien entre Aterian Complex et Maghrib ?
  • À propos de Aterian Complex : peux-tu préciser « North African Middle Palaeolithic complex » ?

Le récit

A tanged-tool tradition across North Africa

The Aterian is defined above all by the presence of tanged or pedunculate tools, especially points, although scrapers and burins can also bear tangs. These implements occur alongside Mousterian side-scrapers and points, Levallois flakes and blades, bifacially retouched forms, end-scrapers, borers, and backed pieces. The combination varies regionally, so the Aterian is presented not as a uniform toolkit but as a broad technological tradition with distinct local expressions.

Its distribution extends throughout the Maghrib and across a large part of the Sahara, generally north of latitude 15°N, westward into Mauritania and eastward to the oases of the eastern desert. Sites are frequently located beside former lakes, swamps, springs, and major watercourses. Important localities include Bir el-Ater in eastern Algeria, Taforalt and Dar es-Soltan in Morocco, the Saoura Valley, Adrar Bous in Niger, Bir Terfawi, and Kharga Oasis in western Egypt.

The tang is treated as the tradition’s most significant technological innovation because it provides the earliest described evidence for intentional hafting. A tang could be inserted into a socket or split wooden haft and secured with mastic or binding. By separating the stone working end from the handle or shaft, hafting allowed tools to become lighter and smaller, while expanding the possible uses of points, scrapers, burins, and other implements.

The chronology remains uneven. Coastal Aterian deposits are reported as more than 30,000 years old, while Saharan assemblages range from earlier than 45,000 years ago to more than 30,000 years ago. The extract recognizes two defensible stages on stratigraphic grounds, or three if controversial early assemblages such as El-Guettar are included. Many Saharan collections remain surface finds and undated, limiting broader chronological correlations.

Repères

  • North African Middle Palaeolithic complex
  • Distinction from Mousterian sometimes uncertain
  • Possible derivative of Maghrib Mousterian
  • Potential period of technological overlap

Confiance

moyenne

Ce niveau qualifie la précision des dates, localisations et limites disponibles dans le corpus actuel.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

Point de départ pour aller plus loin — pas une bibliographie exhaustive.

RessourcesCarte
CivilisationConfiance moyenne

Cᵉ siècle av. J.-C.

Aterian Complex

Maghrib and Sahara

Écouter
Comparer
Voir dans la constellation

Traduction non disponible · Original (anglais) · français indisponible

Se connecter

The Aterian was a Middle Palaeolithic technological tradition centered in north-west Africa and extending across much of the Sahara. It is distinguished especially by tanged or pedunculate tools, often combined with bifacial points, Levallois products, scrapers, burins, and Upper Palaeolithic forms. The extract describes regional facies and chronological stages from the Maghrib, Saoura Valley, central Sahara, northern Chad, and western Egypt, while stressing uneven dating and continuing uncertainty about its relationship to the Mousterian.

Territoire · Civilisation

Poursuivre l’exploration

Demander à Uriti

  • Qu’est-ce qui caractérise la civilisation Aterian Complex ?
  • Quel rôle joue Aterian Complex dans la région Maghrib and Sahara ?
  • Quel lien entre Aterian Complex et Maghrib ?
  • À propos de Aterian Complex : peux-tu préciser « North African Middle Palaeolithic complex » ?

Le récit

A tanged-tool tradition across North Africa

The Aterian is defined above all by the presence of tanged or pedunculate tools, especially points, although scrapers and burins can also bear tangs. These implements occur alongside Mousterian side-scrapers and points, Levallois flakes and blades, bifacially retouched forms, end-scrapers, borers, and backed pieces. The combination varies regionally, so the Aterian is presented not as a uniform toolkit but as a broad technological tradition with distinct local expressions.

Its distribution extends throughout the Maghrib and across a large part of the Sahara, generally north of latitude 15°N, westward into Mauritania and eastward to the oases of the eastern desert. Sites are frequently located beside former lakes, swamps, springs, and major watercourses. Important localities include Bir el-Ater in eastern Algeria, Taforalt and Dar es-Soltan in Morocco, the Saoura Valley, Adrar Bous in Niger, Bir Terfawi, and Kharga Oasis in western Egypt.

The tang is treated as the tradition’s most significant technological innovation because it provides the earliest described evidence for intentional hafting. A tang could be inserted into a socket or split wooden haft and secured with mastic or binding. By separating the stone working end from the handle or shaft, hafting allowed tools to become lighter and smaller, while expanding the possible uses of points, scrapers, burins, and other implements.

The chronology remains uneven. Coastal Aterian deposits are reported as more than 30,000 years old, while Saharan assemblages range from earlier than 45,000 years ago to more than 30,000 years ago. The extract recognizes two defensible stages on stratigraphic grounds, or three if controversial early assemblages such as El-Guettar are included. Many Saharan collections remain surface finds and undated, limiting broader chronological correlations.

Repères

  • North African Middle Palaeolithic complex
  • Distinction from Mousterian sometimes uncertain
  • Possible derivative of Maghrib Mousterian
  • Potential period of technological overlap

Confiance

moyenne

Ce niveau qualifie la précision des dates, localisations et limites disponibles dans le corpus actuel.

Source

The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1: From the Earliest Times to c.500 BC

Point de départ pour aller plus loin — pas une bibliographie exhaustive.

Continuer le voyage

Chemins liés

D’autres chemins liés à cette histoire.

  • Middle Palaeolithic / Middle Stone Age in AfricaCivilisation·Cᵉ siècle av. J.-C. — Cᵉ siècle av. J.-C.
  • Mousterian in the MaghribCivilisation·Cᵉ siècle av. J.-C. — Cᵉ siècle av. J.-C.